Understanding Kidney Disease

Kidney disease, also known as renal disease, occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood efficiently. If untreated, it can lead to kidney failure requiring dialysis or transplant.

Types of Kidney Diseases

• Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Slow, progressive loss of kidney function over time.
• Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Sudden loss of kidney function, often reversible if treated early.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease: A genetic disorder causing cysts to form in the kidneys.
• Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of the kidney’s filtering units.
• Kidney Stones: Hard deposits of minerals causing pain and obstruction.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Can spread to kidneys if untreated.

Common Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness
• Swelling in feet, ankles, or face
• Changes in urination (frequency, color, foamy urine)
• High blood pressure
• Loss of appetite and nausea
• Shortness of breath
• Muscle cramps and itching

Main Causes

• Diabetes (Type 1 and 2)
• High blood pressure
• Prolonged use of painkillers (NSAIDs)
• Autoimmune diseases (like lupus)
• Kidney infections
• Obstruction from kidney stones or enlarged prostate

Diagnosis & Tests

• Blood tests (creatinine, GFR)
• Urine analysis (protein, blood)
• Ultrasound or CT scan
• Kidney biopsy (in special cases)

Treatment Options

• Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar
• Medications (ACE inhibitors, ARBs)
• Dietary changes (low sodium, potassium control)
• Dialysis for advanced kidney failure
• Kidney transplant (if eligible)

How to Prevent Kidney Disease

• Drink plenty of water
• Control blood sugar and blood pressure
• Eat a balanced, kidney-friendly diet
• Avoid excessive use of painkillers
• Maintain a healthy weight
• Do regular exercise
• Get annual kidney function tests if you're high-risk

When to See a Doctor

Consult a nephrologist if you experience prolonged fatigue, swelling, or unusual urination patterns. Early detection can prevent irreversible kidney damage.

Note: Kidney diseases often remain silent in early stages. Regular checkups save lives!